Mastering Sterile Processing: Crafting Competency Checklists for Excellence

By Martin Li, M.A., CRCST, CER, CIS, CHL

 

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Introduction

ANSI/AAMI ST79, Section 4.2.2, states that “the responsibility of sterile processing should be assigned to qualified individuals who have demonstrated competence in all aspects of sterile processing.” Creating competency checklists for Sterile Processing Department (SPD) technicians is crucial for ensuring compliance with high standards in healthcare facilities. Competency checklists are tools that help in assessing and verifying the skills and knowledge required for various roles within the SPD. This article, from the perspective of an SPD educator, will guide you through the process of creating such a checklist based on Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), standard works, and best practices. Additionally, it will emphasize the importance of understanding department workflows and the specific competencies required for sterile processing technicians at each stage of these workflows. The article will also review the concept of "competency" and how it is measured against quality expectations, as well as the responsibility of sterile processing technicians in assessing departmental processes and proficiencies.

Understanding Department Workflow

Before delving into the creation of the competency checklists, it is essential to understand the workflow within the SPD. The department workflow typically includes the following areas:

1. Decontamination: The initial phase where used instruments and equipment are cleaned.
2. Assembly and Packaging: Clean instruments are inspected, assembled into sets, and packaged.
3. Sterilization: Packaged instruments are sterilized using various methods such as steam, ethylene oxide, or low-temperature sterilization.
4. Storage and Distribution: Sterilized instruments are stored and later distributed to the necessary departments.

Each area of the workflow requires specific competencies from SPD technicians. Understanding the intricacies of these areas helps in identifying the skills and knowledge that need to be assessed and developed. [1],[2].

The Concept of Competency

Competency refers to the combination of skills, knowledge, and behaviors that enable an individual to perform tasks to a defined standard. In the context of SPD, competency involves technical skills in instrument handling, knowledge of sterilization processes, adherence to SOPs, and the ability to troubleshoot issues [1].

Competency is measured against quality expectations through performance evaluations, proficiency testing, and continuous education. Quality expectations are often defined by regulatory bodies and professional organizations such as the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the Healthcare Sterile Processing Association (formerly IAHCSMM) [3].

Creating a Competencies Checklist

1. Identify Core Competencies

Begin by identifying the core competencies required for each area of the SPD workflow. These competencies should align with the SOPs, standard works, and best practices in the field. Core competencies may include:

• Knowledge of decontamination principles and procedures [1].
• Proficiency in assembling and packaging instruments.
• Understanding of sterilization methods and protocols.
• Skills in storage and distribution of sterile instruments.

2. Develop SOP-Based Competencies

Each SOP in the SPD should be translated into specific competencies. For example, an SOP on steam sterilization might include competencies such as:

• Ability to operate and maintain steam sterilizers.
• Understanding the parameters for effective steam sterilization (time, temperature, pressure) [3].
• Knowledge of troubleshooting common issues with steam sterilization.

3. Incorporate Standard Works

Standard works provide the foundational knowledge required for SPD technicians. These may include guidelines from professional organizations, regulatory standards, and industry best practices. Incorporate these into the competencies checklist by including competencies such as:

• Familiarity with AAMI standards for sterilization [1].
• Understanding of OSHA regulations for workplace safety.
• Knowledge of infection control guidelines from the CDC.

4. Integrate Best Practices

Best practices represent the most efficient and effective methods in the field. These practices evolve based on new research and technological advancements. Ensure that the competencies checklist reflects the latest best practices by including competencies such as:

• Ability to implement new sterilization technologies.
• Knowledge of best practices in instrument tracking and inventory management.
• Skills in continuous quality improvement and process optimization.

5. Assessment and Validation

Competencies should be regularly assessed and validated to ensure that SPD technicians meet the required standards. Methods of assessment may include:

• Performance Evaluations: Regular assessments of technicians’ performance in their day-to-day tasks [1].
• Proficiency Testing: Periodic testing of specific skills and knowledge.
• Continuing Education: Ongoing training and education to keep technicians updated with the latest standards and practices [3].

Importance of Understanding Department Workflow

Understanding the department workflow is critical for several reasons:

• Quality Assurance: Ensures that all processes are performed to the highest standards, minimizing the risk of contamination and infection [1].
• Efficiency: Helps in identifying bottlenecks and areas for improvement, leading to more efficient workflows.
• Training and Development: Provides a clear framework for training new technicians and developing the skills of existing staff [3].

Responsibilities of Sterile Processing Technicians

Sterile processing technicians have a crucial role in maintaining the quality and efficiency of department processes. Their responsibilities include:

• Adherence to SOPs: Ensuring that all procedures are followed accurately.
• Continuous Improvement: Identifying areas for improvement and implementing best practices [3].
• Proficiency Assessment: Regularly assessing their skills and knowledge to ensure they meet the required standards [1].
• Documentation and Reporting: Keeping accurate records of all processes and reporting any issues promptly.

Conclusion

Creating a competencies checklist for SPD technicians is essential for maintaining high standards in healthcare facilities. By basing the checklist on SOPs, standard works, and best practices, and understanding the department workflow, you can ensure that all technicians are competent in their roles. Regular assessment and validation of competencies, along with continuous education, are key to maintaining these standards.

References

1. Thurmond, T. (2020). Power of Competency Checklists for Sterile Processing | Healthcare Purchasing News (hpnonline.com)
2. Noorani, S. (2024). https://www.healthtechacademy.org/sterile-processing/sterile-processing-technician-skills/
3. Indeed Editorial Team, (2024). https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/sterile-processing-technician-skills