Understanding GHS and OSHA Hazard Classification: Essential Knowledge for SPD Operations

 

Martin Li, MA, CRCST, CER, CIS, CHL

Introduction to GHS and OSHA

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards are critical frameworks for managing chemical hazards in Sterile Processing Departments (SPD). Understanding these systems ensures that SPD personnel can safely handle, store, and dispose of chemicals, minimizing risk to health and safety. GHS classifies hazards into two main types: physical hazards and health hazards.

 

 

 

GHS Physical Hazards

GHS criteria for physical hazards are based on measurable characteristics or reactions in specified environments, providing a quantitative approach to hazard classification. This method ensures uniformity and reduces personal interpretation, making classification more consistent across different contexts.

Examples of Physical Hazards:

• Explosives
• Flammable Gases
• Flammable Aerosols
• Oxidizing Gases
• Gases Under Pressure
• Flammable Liquids
• Flammable Solids
• Self-Reactive Substances
• Pyrophoric Liquids
• Pyrophoric Solids
• Self-Heating Substances
• Substances that emit flammable gases when in contact with water
• Oxidizing Liquids and Solids
• Organic Peroxides
• Corrosive to Metals [1].

GHS Health-related Hazards

GHS health-related hazard criteria standardize the classification of chemical hazards, facilitating better risk management and communication.

Examples of Health-related Hazards:

• Acute Toxicity
• Skin Corrosion or Irritation
• Serious Eye Damage or Eye Irritation
• Respiratory or Skin Sensitization
• Germ Cell Mutagenicity
• Carcinogenicity
• Reproductive Toxicology
• Target Organ Systemic Toxicity (Single and Repeated Exposure)
• Aspiration Toxicity [3].

Importance of GHS and OSHA Standards in SPD

The adoption of GHS by OSHA ensures that all chemical manufacturers prepare labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) according to standardized criteria. This alignment improves safety by providing consistent hazard information and reducing confusion in international chemical trade and transport [2].

Utilizing Safety Data Sheets (SDS) in SPD

Safety Data Sheets are critical tools for SPD staff, providing comprehensive information about chemical hazards and safety measures. An SDS typically includes:

1. Identification: Chemical name and recommended uses.
2. Hazard Identification: Potential hazards and precautionary measures.
3. Composition/Information on Ingredients: Chemical composition details.
4. First-Aid Measures: Immediate medical care instructions.
5. Fire-Fighting Measures: Guidelines for handling chemical fires.
6. Accidental Release Measures: Steps for managing spills or leaks.
7. Handling and Storage: Safe handling and storage instructions.
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection: Recommended safety measures.
9. Physical and Chemical Properties: Characteristics like boiling point and solubility.
10. Stability and Reactivity: Information on chemical stability and potential reactions.
11. Toxicological Information: Health effects and symptoms of exposure.
12. Ecological Information: Environmental impact details.
13. Disposal Considerations: Proper disposal guidelines.
14. Transport Information: Transportation regulations.
15. Regulatory Information: Relevant safety, health, and environmental regulations.
16. Other Information: Additional data including preparation and revision dates [4].

Conclusion

Understanding and adhering to GHS and OSHA hazard classifications are essential for maintaining safety and compliance in SPD operations. By effectively utilizing Safety Data Sheets and following standardized protocols, SPD personnel can ensure a safer working environment and enhance overall operational efficiency. I suggest including such contents into SPD training programs.

References

1. osha.gov - Hazard Communication - Globally Harmonized System
2. osha.gov - Hazard Communication - Overview
3. era-environmental.com - GHS Hazard Classification: Everything You Need to Know
4. insights.regencysupply.com - How to read a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - Regency Insights Blog
5. drs.illinois.edu - Chemical Hazard Classification (GHS)